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Against rivals, known as the, in the Bundesliga in 2009 Internationally, the most well-known German clubs include, and. Hamburger SV is the only club to have played continuously in the Bundesliga since its foundation. In the 2008–09 season, the Bundesliga reinstated an earlier German system of promotion and relegation, which had been in use from 1981 until 1991:. The bottom two finishers in the Bundesliga are automatically relegated to the 2.
Bundesliga, with the top two finishers in the 2. Bundesliga taking their places. The third-from-bottom club in the Bundesliga will play a two-legged tie with the third-place team from the 2. Bundesliga, with the winner taking up the final place in the following season's Bundesliga. From 1992 until 2008, a different system had been used in which the bottom three finishers of the Bundesliga had been automatically relegated, to be replaced by the top three finishers in the 2. From 1963 until 1981 two, or later three, teams had been relegated from the Bundesliga automatically, while promotion had been decided either completely or partially in. The season starts in early August and lasts until late May, with a winter break of six weeks (mid-December through to the end of January).
In recent years, games have been played on Saturdays (five games beginning at 3:30 pm and one game beginning at 6:30 pm) and Sundays (one game beginning at 3:30 pm and one game at 5:30 pm). A new television deal in 2006 reintroduced a Friday game (beginning at 8:30 pm). History Origins. For more details on this topic, see.
Prior to the formation of the Bundesliga, German football was played at an amateur level in a large number of sub-regional leagues until, in 1949, part-time (semi-) professionalism was introduced and only five regional Oberligen (Premier Leagues) remained. Regional champions and runners-up played a series of playoff matches for the right to compete in a final game for the national championship. On 28 January 1900, a national association, the (DFB) had been founded in with 86 member clubs. The first recognised national championship team was, who beat 7–2 in a game played at on 31 May 1903. Through the 1950s, there were continued calls for the formation of a central professional league, especially as professional leagues in other countries began to draw Germany's best players away from the semi-professional domestic leagues. At the international level the German game began to falter as German teams often fared poorly against professional teams from other countries.
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A key supporter of the central league concept was national team head coach Sepp Herberger who said, “If we want to remain competitive internationally, we have to raise our expectations at the national level.” Meanwhile, in East Germany, a separate league was established with the formation of the (Deutscher Sportausschuss Oberliga) in 1950. The league was renamed the Football Oberliga DFV in 1958 and was generally referred to simply as the DDR-Liga or DDR-Oberliga.
The league fielded 14 teams with two relegation spots. Foundation. Of against of in the The German football champion is decided strictly by play in the Bundesliga. Each club plays every other club once at home and once away. Originally, a victory was worth two points, with one point for a draw and none for a loss. Since the 1995–96 season, a victory has been worth three points, while a draw remains worth a single point, and zero points are given for a loss. The club with the most points at the end of the season becomes German champion.
Currently, the top three clubs in the table qualify automatically for the group phase of the, while the fourth-place team enters the Champions League at the third qualifying round (see overview). The two teams at the bottom of the table are relegated into the 2. Bundesliga, while the top two teams in the 2. Bundesliga are promoted.
The 16th-placed team (third-last), and the third-placed team in the 2. Bundesliga play a two-leg play-off match. The winner of this match plays the next season in the Bundesliga, and the loser in the 2. If teams are level on points, tie-breakers are applied in the following order:. Goal difference for the entire season. Total goals scored for the entire season. Head-to-head results (total points).
Head-to-head goals scored. Head-to-head away goals scored.
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Total away goals scored for the entire season If two clubs are still tied after all of these tie-breakers have been applied, a single match is held at a neutral site to determine the placement. However, this has never been necessary in the history of the Bundesliga.
In terms of team selection, matchday squads must have no more than five non-EU representatives. Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.
The, home venue of, was the first stadium in the world with a full colour changing exterior. Bundesliga clubs tend to form close associations with local firms, several of which have since grown to big global companies; in a comparison of the leading Bundesliga and Premiership clubs, Bayern Munich received 55% of its revenue from company sponsorship deals, while Manchester United got 37%. Bundesliga clubs are required to be majority-owned by German club members (known as the to discourage control by a single entity) and operate under tight restrictions on the use of debt for acquisitions (a team only receives an operating license if it has solid financials), as a result 11 of the 18 clubs were profitable after the 2008–09 season.
By contrast, in the other major European leagues, numerous high-profile teams have come under ownership of foreign billionaires, and a significant number of clubs have high levels of debt. After 2000 the and the Bundesliga mandated that all clubs run a, with the aim of bolstering the stream of local talent for the club and national team.
As of 2010 the Bundesliga and second Bundesliga spend €75m a year on these youth academies, that train five thousand players aged 12–18, increasing the under-23-year-olds in the Bundesliga from 6% in 2000 to 15% in 2010. This allows more money to be spent on the players that are bought, and there is a greater chance to buy better instead of average players. In the first decade of the second millennium, the Bundesliga was regarded as competitive, as five different teams have won the league title. This contrasted with Spain's, dominated by the 'Big Two' of Barcelona and Real Madrid, the English dominated by a 'Big Four' (Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool, and Arsenal), as well as France's, won seven consecutive years. In the second decade, however, a resurgent has won each year from 2012–13 onward as the side is able to outspend its rivals to purchase the league's best players. Financial regulations For a number of years, the clubs in the Bundesliga have been subject to regulations not unlike the agreed upon in September 2009. At the end of each season, clubs in the Bundesliga must apply to the (DFB) for a licence to participate again the following year; only when the DFB, who have access to all transfer documents and accounts, are satisfied that there is no threat of insolvency do they give approval.
The DFB have a system of fines and points deductions for clubs who flout rules and those who go into the red can only buy a player after selling one for at least the same amount. In addition, no individual is allowed to own more than 49 percent of any Bundesliga club, the only exceptions being, and current member should they ever be promoted to the Bundesliga as they were each founded as factory teams. The, is the home ground of. Despite the good economic governance, there have still been some instances of clubs getting into difficulties. In 2004, reported a debt of €118.8 million (£83 million).
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Having won the Champions League in 1997 and a number of Bundesliga titles, Dortmund had gambled to maintain their success with an expensive group of largely foreign players but failed, narrowly escaping liquidation in 2006. In subsequent years, the club went through extensive restructuring to return to financial health, largely with young home-grown players.
In 2004 reported debts of £24.7 million and were able to continue in the Bundesliga only after proving they had long term credit with their bank. The leading German club made a net profit of just €2.5 million in 2008–09 season (group accounts, while made a net loss of €30.4 million in 2009 financial year.
KGaA, made a net loss of just €2.9 million in 2008–09 season. Attendances. Main article: Based on its per-game average, the Bundesliga is the best-attended association football league in the world; out of all sports, its average of 45,116 fans per game during the 2011–12 season was the second highest of any league worldwide, behind only the of the United States.
Bundesliga club has the highest average attendance of any football club in the world. Out of Europe's five major football leagues (, and ), the Bundesliga has the lowest ticket prices and the highest average attendance. Many club stadia have large terraced areas for (by comparison, stadia in the English are all-seaters due to the ).
Teams limit the number of to ensure everyone has a chance to see the games live, and the away club has the right to 10% of the available capacity. Match tickets often double as free rail passes which encourages supporters to travel and celebrate in a relaxed atmosphere. According to Bundesliga chief executive, tickets are inexpensive (especially for ) as 'It is not in the clubs' culture so much to raise prices.
They are very fan orientated'., former president of Bayern Munich, was quoted as saying 'We do not think the fans are like cows to be milked. Football has got to be for everybody.' The Bundesliga has the highest average attendance of any football league in the world.
Has the highest average attendance at of any football club in the world. The Bundesliga is broadcast on TV in over 200 countries The Bundesliga is broadcast on TV in over 200 countries. In October 2013, via the, and divisions, acquired television and digital rights to the Bundesliga in 80 territories, including North America and Asia (outside of India and Oceania) for five years, and selected European territories for two years, beginning in the 2015–16 season. CEO explained that the deal was designed to 'leverage our unrivaled global portfolio of sports channels to bolster the Bundesliga brand in every corner of the globe.' As a result of this partnership, replaced as United States rightsholder beginning in the 2015–16 season.
Matches are broadcast by, and. Spanish-language telecasts air on. Matches stream online for subscribers to these channels on participating providers via, and are also available through the subscription service Fox Soccer 2Go. In Canada, broadcast rights were sub-licensed to and.
In the United Kingdom and in Ireland, the Bundesliga is broadcast live on. Broadcasts delayed highlights the following Monday. This arrangement lasts through the 2017 season. In Spain, the Bundesliga is broadcast live on. In 2015, digital TV operator acquired exclusive television rights for Sub-Saharan Africa for 5 years starting from 2015-2016 season. Champions.
Main article: In total, 43 clubs have won the German championship, including titles won before the Bundesliga's inception and those in the. The record champions are with 27 titles, ahead of with 10 (all in East Germany) and with 9. The following 12 clubs have won the Bundesliga: (26 titles), and (5), (4), and (3), and (2), and (1).
No club from former East Germany or Berlin has won the Bundesliga. Season Bundesliga Champion Season Bundesliga Champion Season Bundesliga Champion Season Bundesliga Champion Honours.